National Literature a Term Between "Period" and "Movement" Milli Edebiyat

Milli edebiyat, Türk edebiyatı tarihçilerinin üzerinde fikir birliğine varamadıkları kavramlardan biridir. Fikir ayrılıkları, "milli edebiyat"ın bir akım adı olup olmadığı noktasında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu makalede söz konusu durum ele alınmış ve "milli edebiyat" m bir edebiyat akımı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. National literature is one of the concepts which is arguable by the historians of Turkish literature. Differences of opinion focus on the question of whether national literature is a mavement or not. In this article above mentionet subject has been studied and it has been concluded that nationalliterature is a movement

Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdenizi’nde Chrysopid’lerin (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ekolojik dağılımı ve mevsimselliği

This study was conducted to establish Chrysopidae fauna and assess habitat preferences and diversity of species in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The specific family (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in this region is poorly known and this survey. Traps (sweeping net, light traps) were used to catch of Chrysopidae species from all study sites at the four provinces (Adana, Hatay, Mersin, Osmaniye) in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey between the years 2012 and 2013. The most abundant species were Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763). From all sites a total of 1841 Neuroptera were trapped, representing 18 species. All the species were found in all sites while species Chrysopa dorsalis Burmeister, 1839, Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845, Chrysopa astarte Hölzel, 1967 were confined to 3 sites. All the species reached peak abundance respectively in the June and July. The appearance and distribution of the Chrysopidae species were strongly linked with seasonal changes.Bu çalışma; Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Chrysopid’lerin fauna, habitat tercihleri ve tür çeşitliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Familya (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) bu bölgede çok az bilinmektedir ve familya ile ilgili çalışma da çok az gerçekleştirilmiştir. Chrysopidae türlerini yakalamak için Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde 2012-2013 yılları arasında, dört şehirde (Adana, Hatay, Mersin, Osmaniye) atrap ve ışık tuzakları kullanılmıştır. En yaygın tür, Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dört sahadan 18 türle temsil edilen toplam 1841 Neuroptera örneği toplanmıştır.Chrysopa dorsalis Burmeister, 1839, Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845 ve Chrysopa Astarte Hölzel, 1967 3 bölge ile sınırlıyken, diğer tüm türlere, çalışılan her bölgede saptanmıştır. Tüm türler sırasıyla Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında en yüksek bolluk değerine ulaşmıştır. Chrysopidae türlerinin doğada gözlenişi ve dağılımı mevsimsel değişikliklerle çok az ilgilidir

Additional knowledge respecting taxonomy of the social wasp genus Ropalidia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with new records of three species and an updated key to species

Species composition of social wasps of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is reported, with 24 species having been recorded. Of those, three species are newly recorded for the Vietnamese fauna, namely Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941, R. parartifex Tan & van Achterberg, 2014 and R. variegata (Smith, 1852). The presence of R. sumatrae (Weber, 1801) in Vietnam is confirmed. An updated key to all recorded species of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is also provided

INVESTIGATION OF SELF CONFIDENCE LEVELS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ENGAGED İN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS

Introduction and aim: In sports, self-confidence can be characterized by high-grade achievement expectation. In this context, the aim is to determine whether is any difference between the self-confidence levels of middle school students who do individual sports and those who are engaged in team sports. Age groups and gender as well as differences in self-esteem levels are also analyzed.Method: The study group consisted of 96 students who were engaged in individual and team sports in 5 secondary schools in Istanbul. "Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory", developed by Coopersmith (1967), was used in order to determine self-esteem levels and the personal information form was prepared to collect participants' age, gender and sport type data. First, the Shapiro Wilk test was performed to test the distribution of the data and it was found that the data provided a normal distribution. Independent sample t-test was conducted to determine whether self-esteem levels differed significantly in terms of gender and age variables.Findings: At the end of the study, the findings obtained from the data analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the self-confidence levels of the secondary school students compared to the sports types (p> 0,05). In the data obtained from other variables, it was determined that the level of self-esteem did not show any significant difference according to age and sex (p> 0,05).Discussion: There was no significant difference between the presented study and the mean scores of confidence, age, sport type and gender (p> 0,05). It can be said that no definite decision has been reached on whether this self-confidence is influential or not according to the results of this sample and the results of the researches made. It is advisable to add lessons such as communication skills, human relations in order to improve curriculum self- confidence building levels in schools.  Article visualizations

COMPARISON OF TURKEY'S ACADEMIC PUBLICATION PERFORMANCE IN ASTRONOMY EDUCATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASE

In this study, a bibliometric evaluation of the articles published between 1975 and 2020 in astronomy education in the Web of Science database is aimed to reveal the trend in this field and to compare the articles from Turkey with other countries. During the article search process, the keyword "astronomy" was scanned both in the title and content of the articles. A total of 284 articles were reviewed under the Education/Educational Research category. VOSviewer (V1.6.15) package program was used to create and visualize bibliometric network maps of the articles examined within the scope of the study. In the findings, it was seen that approximately four-fifths of the articles published in the field of astronomy education have been published in the last ten years. It was determined that the most effective country in which publications are made on astronomy education is the USA, and Turkey is in the second place with 25 articles. It is noteworthy that while the average number of citations per publication for all the articles examined is 14.62, the average number of citations for articles originating from Turkey is 3.56. Based on such findings, Turkey's academic publication performance in astronomy education has been tried to be revealed

NEW LEGISLATION TO THE TAX REVIEW AND TAXPAYER RIGHTS

Vergiler, devletlerin egemenlik erklerinin doğal bir sonucu olarak halktan kimi zaman ayni kimi zamanda nakdi olarak alınan değerlerdir. Bu noktada vergileme ilişkisi içerisinde vergi alacaklısı devlet, vergi borçlusu ise halktır. Devletler vergi alacaklarında kayıp ve kaçakları en aza indirecek önlemlere mevzuatlarında yer vermektedir. Bu önlemler özellikle tarhiyat aşamasında yer almaktadır. Her ne kadar vergi tarhiyatı beyan esaslı olsa da re’sen, idarece ve ikmalen tarhiyatlarda söz konusudur. Beyana dayalı tarhiyatların kontrolünde, re’sen, idarece ve ikmalen yapılan tarhiyatların gerçekleştirilmesinde vergi incelemesi müessesesi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu müessesenin etkin ve etik çalışması hem vergi alacağının güvence altına alınmasında hem de mükellef haklarının korunmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmada 6009 sayılı Gelir Vergisi Kanunu ile Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun ile yapılan vergi incelemesi müessesine yönelik değişikliklerin, mükellef hakları ve söz konusu müessesenin genel esasları hakkındaki etkileri incelenerek ve kanunun faydası üzerinde fikir ve öneriler beyan edilecektir.Taxes, as a result of the natural powers of sovereignty of states, sometimes the same and sometimes in cash received from the public values. States, tax receivables in the law of the measures is to minimize losses and leakages. These measures include in particular stage of assessment. Although tax assessment based on how much each statement on its own initiative, the administration, and there is supply assesment. Company management based on self-control, on its own initiative, the administration and the institution of tax investigation supply come to the fore the realization of the company management. Income tax asset to this institution and in the assurance of effective and ethical Works as well as play an important role protecting the rights of taxpayers. In this study, the Income Tax Law No. 6009 on the Amendment of Certain Laws and Decree Law enterprises, changes to tax review, taxpayer rights and the estabilishment in question by investigating the effect of general principles and benefits of the law will be declared on the ideas and suggestions

Development of electrochemical biosensor platforms for determination of environmental viral structures

Infectious diseases caused by viruses (such as influenza, Zika, human immunodeficiency, Ebola, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19 virus) are diseases that have been on the agenda of the whole world for the last quarter of a century and have become one of the most important problems for people. Urgent identification of the people infected with a disease will allow these people who have contracted the disease to be treated effectively. In this context, the polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based methods have been the most common and widely used method that responds with sensitivity. However, due to some disadvantages encountered in PCR applications (in particular, the test protocol is comprehensive, not fast in terms of time, not economical, requires user expertise, is not suitable for field/on-site measurements, etc.), a new generation (which can give fast results, are economical, sensitive, suitable for on-site application, etc.) of systems that can provide solutions are needed. On the subject of different test-diagnostic applications used in a large number of test-based analysis methods and techniques, electroanalytical systems have some advantages. Within the scope of this presentation, low-cost, miniaturized electrochemical platforms for surface-printed electrodes by using appropriate biochemical and viral structures of the electrode surfaces decorated with suitable agents are explained. These platforms can be used in the determination of some particular viral proteins for the understanding of viral pathogenic diseases. In this study, a copper-modified graphite electrode was developed and characterized with SEM. Afterwards, an antibody of the N protein of COVID-19 was decorated surrounding this electrode to measure the amount of that protein in the samples. The square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique was used for the electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2. When the results of the analyses were examined, the best analytical sensitivity and linearity were obtained by incubating the antibody-modified electrode and virus antigen for 10 min. The measurements showed linearity with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9917). The detection limit (LOD) was calculated as 508 pg/mL. The measurement limit (LOQ) was calculated as 1.54 ng/mL. With the pencil tip, which is an easily accessible material for the modified electrode system we designed, a very precise measurement was provided for the rapid detection of the N protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at very low concentrations

An analysis on the corrosion of a cultural heritage

Many historical landmarks and cultural heritage are being constantly destroyed through natural events and human actions. It is important to conduct corrosion analysis and two and three-dimension documentation studies to restore and transfer these landmarks to the new generations. It is particularly important to record, keep these historical heritages digitally and take precautions against the potential corrosion due to the wars, natural disasters and climatic factors that continue to the present. In this study, the corrosion in Çanlı Church (ÇanlıKilise) located in Akhisar village of the province of Aksaray in Turkey was determined and the reasons were examined. By using close-range photogrammetry method, three-dimension models and facade charts of three facades (North, West, South) of Çanlı Church have been acquired, as a result of measurements performed in four different times (2006, 2010, 2016, 2019). Overlapping all these charts in the same scale, the corrosions occurred on the facades of Çanlı Church have been examined. The meteorological data within the period when the measurements were performed were reviewed. As a result, corrosion on the North, West and South facades of Çanlı Church have been found at the level of 8%, 3%, 13% respectively. It was concluded that the storm has greater effect on the corrosion

Evaluation of Porous Film – Peptide Nanoparticle Hybrid Structures as Drug-Releasing Wound Dressing Material

Nefes figürü (Breath Figure) ile polimerik yüzeylerde desen ve gözenek oluşturma yöntemi oldukça yeni olup, bir polimer litografi tekniği olarak literatürde yerini almıştır. Teknolojik maliyetinin düşük olması, çevre dostu olması ve toksik kimyasallar kullanılmaması gibi avantajları sayesinde biyomalzeme üretiminde özellikle gözenekli membran, yara örtüleri ve doku iskelelerinin üretiminde tercih edilmektedir. Biyouyumlu ve biyobozunur poliüretanlar biyomalzeme üretiminde kullanılan polimerlerin başında gelmektedir. Çalışmada, nefes figürü tekniği ile üretilen poliüretan filmlerin gözenekleri içine kurkumin yüklü difenilalaninamid peptit nanopartiküller entegre edilerek bir hibrit yara örtü malzemesi dizayn edilmiştir. Biyouyumluluğu, kimyasal olarak modifiye edilebilirliği, kolay ve ucuz sentezlenebilirliği, olağanüstü̈ dayanıklılığı, termal ve kimyasal stabiliteleri sayesinde peptit nanopartiküller biyomedikal uygulamalarda özellikle ilaç salım uygulamalarında sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Kurkumin düşük molekül ağırlıklı bir fenolik bitki bileşenidir. Antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antibakteriyel ve antiviral gibi farmakolojik özelliklerinden dolayı yara tedavilerinde etken madde olarak kullanılmaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalar kapsamında, farklı BF parametreleri ile üretilen poliüretan filmler ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak karakterize edilmiş ve morfolojik özellikleri bakımından yara örtü malzemesi olmaya en uygun aday seçilmiştir. Hazırlanan kurkumin yüklü peptit (FFA/Ccm) nanopartiküller zayıflatılmış toplam yansıma – Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (ATR-FTIR) spektroskopisi ve elektron mikroskopisi ile karakterize edilmiştir. FFA/Ccm nanopartiküllerin kurkumin yükleme kinetikleri UV-görünür bölge spektrofotometrisi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Poliüretan filmin gözenekleri içine FFA/Ccm nanopartiküllerin gömülmesi ile elde edilen hibrit yara örtüsünün morfolojik analizleri SEM ile ve kurkumin salım kinetikleri UV-görünür bölge spektrofotometrisi ile incelenmiştir. Son olarak, hibrit yara örtüsünün sitotoksisite testleri L929 fare fibroblast hücre hattında MTT yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Geliştirilen hibrit yara örtü malzemesinin biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanımı gelecek vadetmektedir.Breath Figure (BF), which is used to create patterns and pores on polymeric surfaces, is a polymer lithography technique. It is preferred in the production of biomaterials, especially porous membranes, wound dressings and tissue scaffolds, thanks to its advantages such as low technological cost, environmental friendliness and non-toxic chemicals. Biodegradable and biocompatible polyurethanes (PU) are the leading polymers used in biomaterial fabrication. In this study, porous PU films are fabricated with the BF method. Curcumin-loaded diphenylalanine (FFA/Ccm) peptide nanoparticles are integrated into the pores of films. Peptide nanoparticles are frequently used in biomedical applications, especially in drug release, thanks to their biocompatibility, chemical modifiability, inexpensive synthesis, and thermal and chemical stability. Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound. It is used as an active agent in wound treatments due to its pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral. Within the scope of experimental studies, PU films produced with different BF parameters were characterized using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most suitable candidate for wound dressing material was evaluated in terms of their morphological features. Characterization of FFA/Ccm NPs was performed by attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transfrom infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM. Curcumin loading kinetics of nanoparticles were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Morphological analyzes of the hybrid wound dressing obtained by embedding NPs in the pores of the PU film were investigated by SEM. Curcumin release kinetics of hybrid wound dressing was investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the hybrid wound dressing was evaluated by the MTT method. The use of the developed hybrid material as a wound dressing in biomedical applications is promising

Gebelerde beslenme ve sağlık durumunun emezis şiddetine göre değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Gestational emesis affects the whole pregnancy process and the newborn baby after pregnancy, starting from the early stages of pregnancy. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the factors affecting gestational emesis. Materials-Methods: This study evaluated the relationship between the severity of nausea-vomiting and nutrition and health status of 100 pregnant women aged 18-40 years who applied to the Nutrition-Diet and Gynecology Clinic in a private hospital. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.66±5.47. It was determined that the severity of vomiting increased as the number of pregnancies of the participants increased (p<0.05). It was determined that as the severity of vomiting increased, the energy intake averages of the pregnant women decreased significantly. Those with 'severe' emesis were found to be significantly lower than those with 'moderate' emesis, which derived most of their energy from carbohydrates and fats (p=0.002, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Many underlying factors affect the severity of vomiting in pregnant women. The increase in the severity of vomiting adversely affects the nutritional and health status of pregnant women. For this reason, the severity of nausea and vomiting should be taken into account in ensuring proper nutrition and improving health conditions in pregnant women.Amaç: Gestasyonel emezis, gebeliğin erken dönemlerinden başlayarak tüm gebelik sürecini ve gebelik sonrası yeni doğan bebeği etkiler. Bu çalışmada gestasyonel kusmayı etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç-Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, özel bir hastanede Beslenme-Diyet ve Kadın Hastalıkları Kliniği’ne başvuran 18-40 yaş arası 100 gebenin bulantı-kusma şiddeti ile beslenme ve sağlık durumu arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 29.66±5.47 idi. Katılımcıların gebelik sayısı arttıkça kusma şiddetinin arttığı belirlendi (p<0.05). Kusma şiddeti arttıkça gebelerin enerji alım ortalamalarının önemli ölçüde düştüğü belirlendi. ‘Şiddetli’emezisi olanlar, enerjisinin çoğunu karbonhidrat ve yağlardan alan ‘orta’emezisi olanlara göre anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.002, p=0.02). Sonuç: Gebe kadınlarda kusmanın şiddetini birçok altta yatan faktör etkiler. Kusmanın şiddetinin artması gebelerin beslenme ve sağlık durumlarını olumsuz etkiler. Bu nedenle gebelerde doğru beslenmenin sağlanması ve sağlık koşullarının iyileştirilmesinde bulantı ve kusmanın şiddeti dikkate alınmalıdır